Zita rechinhu: Polyester
Kwakabva uye Hunhu
Polyester fiber, inowanzozivikanwa se "polyester".Iyo yekugadzira faibha yakagadzirwa nekutenderera polyester yakagadzirwa kubva ku polycondensation ye organic diacid uye diol, ipfupi yePET fiber, inova yeakakwira mamorekuru kombi.Yakagadzirwa muna 1941, parizvino ndiyo yakakura zvakasiyana-siyana yesynthetic fiber.Mukana wakakurisa wepolyester fiber kuramba kuunyana uye kuchengetedza chimiro kwakanaka kwazvo, nesimba repamusoro uye elastic kupora kugona.Yayo yakasimba yakasimba, anti-wrinkle uye isiri-ironing, isina-inonamira bvudzi.
Polyester (PET) faibha imhando yefiber yakagadzirwa iyo inoumbwa nemacheni akasiyana-siyana emacromolecular cheni yakabatana neboka reester uye yakarukwa kuita fiber polymer.KuChina, mafiber ane anopfuura 85% polyethylene terephthalate anonzi polyester kwenguva pfupi.Kune akawanda mazita ezvigadzirwa zvepasi rose, akadai seDacron yekuUnited States, Tetoron yekuJapan, Terlenka yekuUnited Kingdom, Lavsan yeyaimbova Soviet Union, nezvimwe.
Kare muna 1894, Vorlander yakagadzira mapolyester ehuremu hwemamorekuru ane succinyl chloride uye ethylene glycol.Einkorn synthesized polycarbonate muna 1898;Carothers synthetic aliphatic polyester: Iyo polyester yakagadzirwa mumakore ekutanga yakanyanya aliphatic komputa, huremu hwayo hwemamorekuru uye nzvimbo yekunyungudika yakaderera, iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura, saka haina kukosha kwemucheka fiber.Muna 1941, Whinfield naDickson muBritain vakagadzira polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kubva ku dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) uye ethylene glycol (EG), polima yaigona kushandiswa kugadzira mafiibhi ane hunhu hwakanakisa nekunyungudika kuruka.Muna 1953, United States yakatanga kumisa fekitori kuti igadzire PET fiber, sekutaura, PET faibha imhando yekunonoka kugadzirwa fiber pakati pemahombe ekugadzira fiber.
Nekuvandudzwa kweiyo organic synthesis, polymer sainzi uye indasitiri, akasiyana siyana anoshanda ePET fiber ane akasiyana zvivakwa akagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura.
Zvakadai sepolybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber uye polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) fiber ine yakakwirira kutambanudza elasticity, yakazara inonhuhwirira polyester fiber ine Ultra-yakakwirira simba uye yakakwirira modulus, nezvimwewo: iyo inonzi "polyester fiber" inowanzonzi se polyethylene terephthalate fiber.
Munda Wekushandisa
Polyester fiber ine nhevedzano yeakanakisa zvivakwa, senge yakakwira yekupwanya simba uye elastic modulus, zvine mwero kusimba, yakanakisa yekupisa yekuisa maitiro, yakanaka kupisa uye mwenje kuramba.Polyester fiber yakanyunguduka nzvimbo ndeye 255 ℃ kana zvakadaro, tembiricha yegirazi ingangoita 70 ℃, muhupamhi hwekupedzisira-kushandiswa mamiriro akagadzikana chimiro, kugeza machira uye kupfeka kuramba, mukuwedzera, ine zvakare yakanakisa impedance (senge kuramba kune organic solvent. , sipo, detergent, bleach solution, oxidant) pamwe chete negora rakanaka rekudzivirira, iyo isina simba asidhi, alkali, sekugadzikana, nekudaro ine kushandiswa kwakakura uye kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.Iko kukurumidza kusimukira kweindasitiri yepetroleum, zvakare yekugadzirwa kwepolyester fiber kuti ipe iyo yakawanda uye yakachipa yakachipa zvinhu, zvakasanganiswa nekemikari, mechanika, yemagetsi kutonga tekinoroji mumakore achangopfuura kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, senge mbichana mbichana kugadzira, fiber kugadzira. uye machining maitiro zvishoma nezvishoma anowana pfupi-renji, inoenderera, yakakwirira kumhanya uye otomatiki, polyester fiber yave inokurumidza kukurumidza kukurumidza, iyo inonyanya kugadzirwa mhando dzesynthetic fiber.Muna 2010, kugadzirwa kwepolyester pasi rose kwakasvika 37.3 miriyoni matani, zvichiverengera 74% yepasi rose kugadzirwa kwefiber.
Zvinhu Zvenyama
1) Ruvara.Polyester inowanzoita opalescent ine mercerization.Kugadzira matte zvigadzirwa, wedzera matte TiO2 usati watenderera;kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvichena zvakachena, wedzera whitening agent;kugadzira sirika ine ruvara, wedzera pigment kana dhayi mukuruka kunyungudika.
2) Surface uye muchinjikwa chikamu chimiro.Pamusoro pepolyester yakajairika yakatsetseka uye chikamu chemuchinjikwa chinenge chakatenderera.Semuenzaniso, iyo fiber ine yakakosha chikamu chimiro, senge triangular, Y-shaped, hollow uye imwe yakakosha-chikamu sirika, inogona kugadzirwa nekushandisa special-shaped spinneret.
3) Density.Kana polyester yakazara amorphous, density yayo i1.333g/cm3.1.455g/cm3 payakanyatsojekeswa.Kazhinji, polyester ine high crystallinity uye density ye 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3, iyo yakafanana nemvere dzemakwai (1.32g / cm3).
4) Unyoro kudzorera chiyero.Kunyorova kwepolyester mune yakajairwa mamiriro ndeye 0.4%, yakaderera pane iyo acrylic (1% ~ 2%) uye polyamide (4%).Polyester ine yakaderera hygroscopicity, saka simba rayo remvura rinoderera zvishoma, uye jira rinoshambidzika;Asi iyo static magetsi chiitiko chakakomba kana uchigadzira uye kupfeka, iyo jira rekufema uye hygroscopicity haina kunaka.
5) Thermal performance.Iyo yekunyorovesa poindi T yepolyester ndeye 230-240 ℃, iyo inonyungudika Tm i255-265 ℃, uye nzvimbo yekuora T inenge mazana matatu ℃.Polyester inogona kupisa mumoto, kupeta uye kunyunguduka kuita mabhero, nehutsi hutema nekunhuhwirira.
6) Kuramba kwechiedza.Kuramba kwayo kwechiedza ndeyechipiri chete kune acrylic fiber.Kuramba kwechiedza kwe dacron kune hukama neiyo molecular chimiro.Dacron chete ine bhandi rakasimba rekunyura munzvimbo yechiedza wave ye315nm, saka simba rayo rinongorasikirwa ne60% mushure me600h yekubuda kwezuva, iyo yakafanana nekotoni.
7) Kuita kwemagetsi.Polyester ine hutsika husina kunaka nekuda kwekudzika kwayo hygroscopicity, uye dielectric kugara kwayo muhuwandu hwe -100~+160℃ i3.0 ~ 3.8, zvichiita kuti ive insulator yakanaka.
Mechanical Properties
1) Kunyanya kusimba.Iyo yakaoma simba yaive 4 ~ 7cN/ DEX, ukuwo kunyorova kwakadzikira.
2) Kurebesa kuri pakati nepakati, 20% ~ 50%.
3) High modulus.Pakati pezvakakura zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira fibers, yekutanga modulus yepolyester ndiyo yepamusoro-soro, inogona kusvika kusvika 14 ~ 17GPa, iyo inoita kuti jira repolyester rigadzikane muhukuru, risina-deformation, risina-deformation uye rinogara mukuteterera.
4) Kugadzikana kwakanaka.Kureruka kwayo kuri pedyo nekwewuru, uye kana yawedzerwa ne5%, inenge yanyatso pora mushure mekubvisa mutoro.Naizvozvo, kupesana kwemachira epolyester kuri nani pane kwemamwe machira efiber.
5) Pfeka kuramba.Kuramba kwayo kupfeka ndeyechipiri kune nylon, uye kupfuura mamwe mafiber ekugadzira, kupfeka kuramba kwakafanana.
Kugadzikana Kwemakemikari
Kugadzikana kwekemikari yepolyester inonyanya kuenderana neyakagadzika mashetani eketani.Polyester ine kumira kwakanaka kune mamwe mareagents kunze kwekutadza kwayo alkali kuramba.
Acid resistance.Dacron yakanyanya kugadzikana kune acids (kunyanya organic acids) uye inonyudzwa muhydrochloric acid mhinduro ine chikamu che5% pa100 ℃.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-14-2022