Zita rechinhu: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Kwakabva uye Hunhu
Polyamides, inowanzozivikanwa seNylon, ine zita rechirungu rePolyamide (PA) uye density ye1.15g/cm3, thermoplastic resins ine inodzokororwa amide boka -- [NHCO] -- pa molecular main chain, kusanganisira aliphatic PA, aliphatic. PA uye anonhuwirira PA.
Aliphatic PA marudzi akawanda, ane goho rakakura uye kushandiswa kwakakura.Zita rayo rinotemerwa nenhamba chaiyo yekabhoni maatomu mune inogadzirwa monoma.Yakagadzirwa nemukurumbira weAmerican chemist Carothers neboka rake rekutsvagisa sainzi.
Nylon ishoko re polyamide faibha (polyamide), inogona kugadzirwa kuita shinda refu kana pfupi.Nylon izita rekutengesa re polyamide fiber, inozivikanwawo seNylon.Polyamide (PA) is an aliphatic Polyamide iyo inosungwa pamwechete neamide bond [NHCO].
The Molecular Structure
Yakajairika nylon fibers inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri.
Kirasi ye polyhexylenediamine adipate inowanikwa nekukonyedzwa kwe diamine uye diacid.Iyo kemikari chimiro formula yeayo refu cheni molecule ndeiyi inotevera:H--[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Huremu hwemamorekuru erudzi urwu rwepolyamide kazhinji 17000-23000.
Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zve polyamide zvinogona kuwanikwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemaatomu ekabhoni emabhinari amines uye diacids anoshandiswa, uye anogona kusiyaniswa nenhamba yakawedzerwa kune polyamide, umo nhamba yekutanga ndiyo nhamba yemaatomu ekabhoni emabhinari amines, uye yechipiri. nhamba ndiyo nhamba yemaatomu kabhoni edhiasidi.Semuenzaniso, polyamide 66 inoratidza kuti inogadzirwa ne polycondensation yehexylenediamine uye adipic acid.Nylon 610 inoratidza kuti yakagadzirwa kubva kuhexylenediamine uye sebacic acid.
Imwe yacho inowanikwa necaprolactam polycondensation kana mhete-inovhura polymerization.Iyo kemikari chimiro formula yemamorekuru ayo marefu echeni ndeiyi inotevera:H--[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Zvinoenderana nenhamba yemaatomu ekabhoni muchimiro cheyuniti, mazita emhando dzakasiyana anogona kuwanikwa.Semuenzaniso, polyamide 6 inoratidza kuti inowanikwa necyclo-polymerization yecaprolactam ine 6 maatomu ecarbon.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 uye mamwe aliphatic polyamide fibers ese anoumbwa nemutsara macromolecules ane amide bond (-NHCO-).Polyamide faibha mamorekuru ane -CO-, -NH- mapoka, anogona kugadzira hydrogen zvisungo mumamorekuru kana mamorekuru, anogona zvakare kusanganiswa nemamwe mamorekuru, saka polyamide fiber hygroscopic kugona iri nani, uye inogona kugadzira iri nani crystal chimiro.
Nekuti iyo -CH2-(methylene) mu polyamide molecule inogona kungoburitsa isina simba van der Waals simba, iyo molecular chain curl ye -CH2- segment segment yakakura.Nekuda kwehuwandu hwakasiyana hwemazuva ano CH2-, ma bonding mafomu e-inter-molecular hydrogen bonds haana kunyatsofanana, uye mukana weiyo molecular crimping wakasiyanawo.Mukuwedzera, mamwe mamorekuru e polyamide ane directivity.Iko kutaridzika kwemamorekuru kwakasiyana, uye zvimiro zvefiber hazvina kunyatsofanana.
Morphological Structure uye Mashandisirwo
Iyo polyamide faibha inowanikwa nekunyunguduka kuruka nzira ine denderedzwa muchinjiko chikamu uye isina yakakosha longitudinal chimiro.Iyo filamentous fibrillar tissue inogona kuonekwa pasi peelectron microscope, uye fibril upamhi hwe polyamide 66 inenge 10-15nm.Semuyenzaniso, iyo polyamide faibha ine yakasarudzika-yakaumbwa spinneret inogona kugadzirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana-zvakaumbwa, senge polygonal, mashizha-akaumbwa, mhango zvichingodaro.Yaro yakatarisa mamiriro ehurumende yakanyatsoenderana nekutambanudza uye kupisa kurapwa panguva yekutenderera.
Iyo macromolecular musana weakasiyana polyamide fiber inoumbwa nekabhoni uye maatomu enitrogen.
Profile-yakaita faibha inogona kushandura elasticity yefiber, kuita kuti faibha ive yakakosha kupenya uye kupfutidza midziyo, kuvandudza fibre yekubata pfuma uye kugona kuvhara, kuramba mapiritsi, kuderedza static magetsi zvichingodaro.Zvakadai senge triangle fiber ine flash effect;Iyo mashizha mashanu-mashizha ane kupenya kwechiedza chemafuta, kunzwa kwakanaka kwemaoko uye anti-pilling;Hollow fiber nekuda kwemukati mhango, diki density, yakanaka kuchengetedza kupisa.
Polyamide ine yakanaka yakazara zvivakwa, zvinosanganisira mashandiro emuchina, kupisa kupisa, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance uye self-lubrication, low friction coefficient, flame retardant kusvika parimwe nhanho, kugadzirwa kuri nyore, uye kwakakodzera kusimbaradzwa kugadziridzwa negirazi fiber uye mamwe mafirita. kuvandudza mashandiro uye kuwedzera application range.
Polyamide ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, nezvimwewo, pamwe nehafu-inonhuhwirira PA6T uye yakakosha nylon yakagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-14-2022